A lump on the eyelid, also known as a stye or chalazion, is a common condition characterized by a localized swelling on the upper or lower eyelid. Styes are painful, red, and often caused by a bacterial infection of the oil glands at the base of the eyelashes, leading to the formation of a small pus-filled bump. Chalazia, on the other hand, are usually painless and result from a blocked oil gland, causing a firm, round lump further from the eyelid margin. Other possible causes of eyelid lumps include cysts, benign tumors, or more rarely, malignancies such as basal cell carcinoma. Treatments for eyelid lumps depend on the cause and severity. For styes and chalazia, warm compresses applied several times a day can help reduce swelling and promote drainage. Over-the-counter pain relievers and eyelid hygiene, such as gentle cleaning with mild soap or baby shampoo, can also be beneficial. If a lump does not improve with home care, becomes larger, or affects vision, a healthcare professional may need to drain it or prescribe antibiotic ointments or oral antibiotics to treat any underlying infection. In cases where the lump persists or shows suspicious features such as rapid growth or irregular borders, further evaluation by an ophthalmologist is recommended to rule out more serious conditions, such as cancer. Early intervention and appropriate treatment can effectively manage most eyelid lumps and prevent complications.
